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- Title
Intra-unit-cell electronic nematicity of the high-T<sub>c</sub> copper-oxide pseudogap states.
- Authors
Lawler, M. J.; Fujita, K.; Lee, Jhinhwan; Schmidt, A. R.; Kohsaka, Y.; Chung Koo Kim; Eisaki, H.; Uchida, S.; Davis, J. C.; Sethna, J. P.; Kim, Eun-Ah
- Abstract
In the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors the pseudogap phase becomes predominant when the density of doped holes is reduced. Within this phase it has been unclear which electronic symmetries (if any) are broken, what the identity of any associated order parameter might be, and which microscopic electronic degrees of freedom are active. Here we report the determination of a quantitative order parameter representing intra-unit-cell nematicity: the breaking of rotational symmetry by the electronic structure within each CuO2 unit cell. We analyse spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunnelling microscope images of the intra-unit-cell states in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 +δ and, using two independent evaluation techniques, find evidence for electronic nematicity of the states close to the pseudogap energy. Moreover, we demonstrate directly that these phenomena arise from electronic differences at the two oxygen sites within each unit cell. If the characteristics of the pseudogap seen here and by other techniques all have the same microscopic origin, this phase involves weak magnetic states at the O sites that break 90°-rotational symmetry within every CuO2 unit cell.
- Subjects
TRANSITION temperature; COPPER oxide; ELECTRONIC structure; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCANNING tunneling microscopy; SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; INDUSTRIAL use of oxygen; MAGNETIC materials; ELECTRONS
- Publication
Nature, 2010, Vol 466, Issue 7304, p347
- ISSN
0028-0836
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nature09169