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- Title
Intracerebral hemorrhage leads to infiltration of several leukocyte populations with concomitant pathophysiological changes.
- Authors
Loftspring, Matthew C.; McDole, Jeremiah; Lu, Aigang; Clark, Joseph F.; Johnson, Aaron J.
- Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The immune system, particularly complement and cytokine signaling, has been implicated in brain injury after ICH. However, the cellular immunology associated with ICH has been understudied. In this report, we use flow cytometry to quantitatively profile immune cell populations that infiltrate the brain 1 and 4 days post-ICH. At 1 day CD45hi GR-1+ cells were increased 2.0-fold compared with saline controls (P0.05); however, we did not observe changes in any other cell populations analyzed. At 4 days ICH mice presented with a 2.4-fold increase in CD45hi cells, a 1.9-fold increase in CD45hi GR-1− cells, a 3.4-fold increase in CD45hi GR-1+ cells, and most notably, a 1.7-fold increase in CD4+ cells (P0.05 for all groups), compared with control mice. We did not observe changes in the numbers of CD8+ cells or CD45lo GR-1− cells (P=0.43 and 0.49, respectively). Thus, we have shown the first use of flow cytometry to analyze leukocyte infiltration in response to ICH. Our finding of a CD4 T-cell infiltrate is novel and suggests a role for the adaptive immune system in the response to ICH.Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2009) 29, 137–143; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.114; published online 1 October 2008
- Subjects
CEREBRAL hemorrhage; LEUCOCYTES; PATHOLOGICAL physiology; LABORATORY mice; BLOOD-brain barrier; DIAGNOSTIC use of flow cytometry; CYTOKINES; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2009, Vol 29, Issue 1, p137
- ISSN
0271-678X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/jcbfm.2008.114