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- Title
The diphthamide modification pathway from S accharomyces cerevisiae - revisited.
- Authors
Schaffrath, Raffael; Abdel‐Fattah, Wael; Klassen, Roland; Stark, Michael J. R.
- Abstract
Diphthamide is a conserved modification in archaeal and eukaryal translation elongation factor 2 ( EF2). Its name refers to the target function for diphtheria toxin, the disease-causing agent that, through ADP ribosylation of diphthamide, causes irreversible inactivation of EF2 and cell death. Although this clearly emphasizes a pathobiological role for diphthamide, its physiological function is unclear, and precisely why cells need EF2 to contain diphthamide is hardly understood. Nonetheless, the conservation of diphthamide biosynthesis together with syndromes (i.e. ribosomal frame-shifting, embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and cancer) typical of mutant cells that cannot make it strongly suggests that diphthamide-modified EF2 occupies an important and translation-related role in cell proliferation and development. Whether this is structural and/or regulatory remains to be seen. However, recent progress in dissecting the diphthamide gene network ( DPH1 - DPH7) from the budding yeast S accharomyces cerevisiae has significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms required to initiate and complete diphthamide synthesis on EF2. Here, we review recent developments in the field that not only have provided novel, previously overlooked and unexpected insights into the pathway and the biochemical players required for diphthamide synthesis but also are likely to foster innovative studies into the potential regulation of diphthamide, and importantly, its ill-defined biological role.
- Subjects
SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae; ADP ribosylation factor 1; ELONGATION factors (Biochemistry); CELL proliferation; MICROBIOLOGICAL synthesis
- Publication
Molecular Microbiology, 2014, Vol 94, Issue 6, p1213
- ISSN
0950-382X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/mmi.12845