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- Title
Damages of Skidder and Oxen Logging to Residual Trees in Uneven-Aged Mixed Forest.
- Authors
Knežević, Jelena; Musić, Jusuf; Halilović, Velid; Avdagić, Admir
- Abstract
The negative influence of timber harvesting on the forest environment is reflected through damage to the residual trees, regeneration, and forest soil. Considering that skidding, a popular extraction method, can cause substantial and severe damage to the remaining stand, the aim of this research was to determine damage to residual trees during skidding by an LKT 81T cable skidder, including oxen bunching. The research was conducted in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in an uneven-aged mixed fir (Abies alba Mill.) and spruce (Picea abies L.) forest with pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on limestone soils. Tree felling was conducted using a Husqvarna 372 XP chainsaw. Extraction operations caused damage to 6.31% of the residual trees in the stand. The most damage was "removed bark" (65.34%) and occurred on the lower parts of the tree, the butt end (55.11%) and root collar (32.39%). The average size of the damage was 197.08 cm2. A statistically significant correlation was found between the damage position and the diameter at the breast height (p < 0.05) and the damage position and damage size (p < 0.01) by Spearman correlation analysis. The conducted analysis by the chi-squared test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the proportion of damage for trees with different distances to the nearest skid road (p = 0.0487), but the share of damaged trees did not decrease by increasing the distance from the skid road.
- Subjects
BOSNIA &; Herzegovina; HUSQVARNA AB; LOGGING; TREE felling; SILVER fir; FOREST soils; SCOTS pine; NORWAY spruce; SPRUCE
- Publication
Forests (19994907), 2023, Vol 14, Issue 5, p927
- ISSN
1999-4907
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/f14050927