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- Title
Rural residence remains a risk factor for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in a highly urbanized Brazilian area: a robust cross-sectional study.
- Authors
Antinarelli, Luciana Maria Ribeiro; Silva, Márcio Roberto; Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula Sousa e; Terror, Mariana Sequetto; Lima, Patrícia Enham; Ishii, Joelma de Souza Coimbra; Muniz, Patrícia Fabiano; Coimbra, Elaine Soares
- Abstract
Background Despite high seroprevalence of asymptomatic infection in humans, toxoplasmosis can manifest as a severe systemic disease, as occurs in the congenital infection. Here we evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in a highly urbanized area of Brazil. Methods A robust seroepidemiological study was conducted using laboratory databases of anti- Toxoplasma gondii serological results together with information on age, month/year of diagnosis and place of residence of pregnant women in the public health system of the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Results Of 5895 pregnant women analysed, 54.7% showed seronegativity and 44.4% showed seropositivity for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. This seropositivity rate increased to 68.3% when only considering participants from rural areas. Multivariate analysis revealed higher odds of being seropositive associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [confidence interval {CI} 1.05 to 1.07]) and with living in rural areas (OR 2.96 [CI 1.64 to 5.36]). The spatial distribution of IgG seropositivity indicated a higher prevalence concentrated in rural and peripheral neighbourhoods. Conclusions This is the first report to use spatial analysis to show a cluster of Toxoplasma infection in rural and peripheral neighbourhoods of a highly urbanized municipality, which highlights the need for adequate healthcare actions to be implemented for women living in these areas.
- Subjects
JUIZ de Fora (Brazil); BRAZIL; PREGNANT women; TOXOPLASMA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; METROPOLITAN areas; MATERNAL health
- Publication
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 2021, Vol 115, Issue 8, p896
- ISSN
0035-9203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/trstmh/traa153