The introduction of sweet cane cultivation in the Canary Islands marked the first economic focus to which the islands were linked during the 15th and 16th centuries. Among them were the estates and mills on the island of La Palma, operational from the early 1500s. Therefore, this study analyzes the export trade of sugar from La Palma during the central decades of the 16th century, using documentation from the notarial protocols of La Palma and Seville.