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- Title
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY CAPTIVE WHITE-BELLIED SEA EAGLES (Haliaeetus leucogaster, Gmelin 1788) (AVES: ACCIPITRIFORMES: ACCIPITRIDAE).
- Authors
de Ramos, John Adrian J.; Lastica-Ternura, Emilia A.; Acorda, Jezie A.
- Abstract
Heart diseases, such as myofiber degeneration, pericarditis, myocarditis, and fibrosis, are common in avian species especially in athletic birds such as raptors. However, due to lack of diagnostic tools, proper treatment and management of such cannot be achieved. Ultrasound B-mode and M-mode imaging was done in 12 (eight female, two males, and two unknown) apparently healthy, captive White-bellied Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster) using a 7.5MHz linear scanner. Acoustic window was determined to be between the left coracoids bone and the first rib. Imaging of the full architecture of the heart was difficult due to the presence of the large air sacs. In B-mode, the heart was recognized due to its rhythmic beat. It shows anechoic lumen for atria and ventricles, hyperechoic thick ventricular walls, and hypoechoic thin atrial walls. Systolic and diastolic measurements for both the walls and lumen were determined in M-mode. Structures such as aortic root and mitral valve were also identified in M-mode. M-mode indices were calculated from the ultrasonograms obtained. Overall, the measurements and indices obtained in the study can be used as reference values for the echocardiographic features of White-bellied Sea Eagles and related species.
- Subjects
FALCONIFORMES; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; MITRAL valve; HEART diseases; ACOUSTICAL materials; HEART; RIB cage; HEART beat
- Publication
Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2022, Vol 59, Issue 2, p99
- ISSN
0031-7705
- Publication type
Article