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- Title
W-band S–Z relationships for rimed snow particles: observational evidence from combined airborne and ground-based observations.
- Authors
Fuller, Shelby; Marlow, Samuel A.; Haimov, Samuel; Burkhart, Matthew; Shaffer, Kevin; Morgan, Austin; Snider, Jefferson R.
- Abstract
Values of undercatch-corrected liquid-equivalent snowfall rate (S) at a ground site and microwave reflectivity (Z) retrieved using an airborne W-band radar were acquired during overflights. The temperature at the ground site was between - 6 and - 15 ∘C. At flight level, within clouds containing ice and supercooled liquid water, the temperature was approximately 7 ∘C colder. Additionally, airborne measurements of snow particle imagery were acquired. The images demonstrate that most of the snow particles were rimed, at least at flight level. A relatively small set of S – Z pairs (four) is available from the overflights. Important distinctions between these measurements and those of Pokharel and Vali (2011), who reported S – Z pairs and an S – Z relationship for rimed snow particles, are (1) the fewer S – Z pairs, (2) the method used to acquire S , and (3) the altitude, relative to ground, of the W-band Z retrievals. This analysis corroborates the fact that the S – Z relationship reported in Pokharel and Vali (2011) yields an S – in scenarios with snowfall produced by riming – substantially larger than that derived using an S – Z relationship developed for unrimed snow particles.
- Subjects
EARTH temperature; RADAR in aeronautics; RHYME; SUPERCOOLING; ICE clouds; SOIL moisture; ALTITUDES
- Publication
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2023, Vol 16, Issue 24, p6123
- ISSN
1867-1381
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5194/amt-16-6123-2023