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- Title
Incidence of Cancer and Mortality Following α-Tocopherol and β-Carotene Supplementation: A Postintervention Follow-up.
- Authors
Virtamo, Jarmo; Pietinen, Pirjo; Huttunen, Jussi K.; Korhonen, Pasi; Malila, Nea; Virtanen, Mikko J.; Albanes, Demetrius; Taylor, Phil R.; Albert, Paul
- Abstract
Context: In the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, α-tocopherol supplementation decreased prostate cancer incidence, whereas β-carotene increased the risk of lung cancer and total mortality. Postintervention follow-up provides information regarding duration of the intervention effects and may reveal potential late effects of these antioxidants. Objective: To analyze postintervention effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene on cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: Postintervention follow-up assessment of cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality (6 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 1999]) and total mortality (8 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 2001]) of 25 563 men. In the ATBC Study, 29 133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years received α-tocopherol (50 mg), β-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. End point information was obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Register of Causes of Death. Cancer cases were confirmed through medical record review. Main Outcome Measures: Site-specific cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality and calendar time-specific risk for lung cancer incidence and total mortality. Results: Overall posttrial relative risk (RR) for lung cancer incidence (n = 1037) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.20) among recipients of β-carotene compared with nonrecipients. For prostate cancer incidence (n = 672), the RR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76-1.03) for participants receiving α-tocopherol compared with nonrecipients. No late preventive effects on other cancers were observed for either supplement. There were 7261 individuals who died by April 30, 2001, during the posttrial follow-up period; the RR was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.96-1.05) for α-tocopherol recipients vs nonrecipients and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.12) for β-carotene recipients vs nonrecipients. Regarding...
- Subjects
FINLAND; ANTIOXIDANTS; CANCER research; PROSTATE cancer; LUNG cancer; VITAMIN E; CAROTENES; MORTALITY
- Publication
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 2003, Vol 290, Issue 4, p476
- ISSN
0098-7484
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jama.290.4.476