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- Title
Effect of the Singlet Pairing Force on the Spin Structures of 3-Species Bose-Einstein Condensates with Spin-1 Atoms.
- Authors
He, Y. Z.; Liu, Y. M.; Bao, C. G.
- Abstract
The spin structures of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) with three kinds of spin-1 atoms are studied. The many-body Hamiltonian is diagonalized in the spin space via a strict numerical approach to obtain eigen-energies and eigen-states. The emphasis is to clarify the effect of the singlet pairing force with the strength Γ. This force has been neglected in previous studies on 3-species BEC. We found that the classification scheme for the phases of the ground state (g.s.) found previously with Γ = 0 remains to be valid if the total spin of each species (which is conserved previously but not now) is replaced by its average S J ¯ . Accordingly, the phase-diagrams for the g.s. remain qualitatively unchanged except for a shift of the boundaries (critical surfaces) separating the zones (each for a phase). However, neighboring to the critical surface which designates the breakdown of the ppp-phase (all the three species are in the polar phase), we found that there is a narrow zone in which the spin structure is extremely sensitive to the variation of the parameters if Γ is negative. It implies that, once the ppp-phase is broken, a great adjustment in spin structure will follow. This highly sensitive narrow zone does not exist if Γ = 0 .
- Subjects
BOSE-Einstein condensation; ATOMS
- Publication
Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2022, Vol 206, Issue 3/4, p167
- ISSN
0022-2291
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10909-021-02647-y