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- Title
Biogeography of <italic>Coptis</italic> Salisb. (Ranunculales, Ranunculaceae, Coptidoideae), an Eastern Asian and North American genus.
- Authors
Xiang, Kun-Li; Erst, Andrey S.; Xiang, Xiao-Guo; Jabbour, Florian; Wang, Wei
- Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have favored dispersal (colonization) over vicariance (past fragmentation) events to explain eastern Asian-North American distribution patterns. In plants, however the disjunction between eastern Asia and western North America has been rarely examined using the integration of phylogenetic, molecular dating, and biogeographical methods. Meanwhile, the biogeographic patterns within eastern Asia remain poorly understood. The goldthread genus <italic>Coptis</italic> Salisb. includes 15 species disjunctly distributed in North America, Japan, mainland China, and Taiwan. We present a dated phylogeny for <italic>Coptis</italic> under the optimal clock model and infer its historical biogeography by comparing different biogeographic models. Results: The split of <italic>Coptis</italic> and <italic>Xanthorhiza</italic> Marshall occurred in the middle Miocene (ca. 15.47 Ma). <italic>Coptis</italic> started their diversification in the early late Miocene (ca. 9.55 Ma). A late Miocene vicariance event resulted in the eastern Asian and western North American disjunction in the genus. Within eastern Asia, dispersals from mainland Asia to Japan and from Japan to Taiwan occurred at ca. 4.85 Ma and at ca. 1.34 Ma, respectively. Conclusions: Our analyses provide evidence that both vicariance and dispersal events have played important roles in shaping the current distribution and endemism of <italic>Coptis</italic>, likely resulting from eustatic sea-level changes, mountain formation processes and an increasing drier and cooler climate from the middle Miocene onwards.
- Subjects
COPTIS; PHYLOGENY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; RANUNCULACEAE; GEOGRAPHY
- Publication
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2018, Vol 18, Issue 1, pN.PAG
- ISSN
1471-2148
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12862-018-1195-0