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- Title
Actinide targets for the synthesis of superheavy nuclei.
- Authors
Roberto, J. B.; Du, M.; Ezold, J. G.; Hogle, S. L.; Moon, J.; Myhre, K.; Rykaczewski, K. P.
- Abstract
The use of heavy actinide targets, including 243Am, 240,242,244Pu, 245,248Cm, 249Bk, and 249Cf, irradiated by intense heavy ion beams of 48Ca has resulted in a significant expansion of the periodic table since 2000, including the discovery of five new heaviest elements and more than 50 new isotopes. These actinide materials can only be produced by intense neutron irradiation in very high flux reactors followed by chemical processing and purification in specialized hot cell facilities available in only a few locations worldwide. This paper reviews the reactor production of heavy actinides, the recovery and chemical separation of actinide materials, and the preparation of actinide targets for superheavy element experiments. The focus is on 248Cm, 249Bk, mixed 249−251Cf, and 254Es, including current availabilities and new production processes. The impacts of new facilities, including the Superheavy Element Factory at Dubna, accelerator and separator upgrades at RIKEN, and proposed upgrades to the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge are also described. Examples of recent superheavy element research are discussed as well as future opportunities for superheavy research using actinide targets.
- Subjects
SUPERHEAVY elements; CHEMICAL purification; CHEMICAL processes; HEAVY elements; CHEMICAL reactors; CALCIUM-dependent potassium channels; NEUTRON irradiation
- Publication
European Physical Journal A -- Hadrons & Nuclei, 2023, Vol 59, Issue 12, p1
- ISSN
1434-6001
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01144-y