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- Title
Rapid and nondestructive identification of Belgian and Netherlandish trappist beers by front-face synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with multiple statistical analysis.
- Authors
Jin Tan; Ming-Fen Li
- Abstract
Front-face synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (FFSFS) was applied for the rapid and noninvasive recognition of Belgian and Netherlandish Trappist beers against non-Trappist beers. The front-face synchronous fluorescence spectra at wavelength intervals (Δλ) of 30 and 60 nm for 80 bottles of beer, including 41 Trappist and 39 non-Trappist beers, were acquired in a 5 x 10 mm fused-quartz cuvette settled in a traditional right-angle sample compartment. The discrimination model was constructed by either principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Both PCA-LDA and PLS-DA models were validated by full (leave-one-out) cross-validation and k-fold cross-validation (k = 5). The PCA-LDA model presents reliable discrimination performance, with the cross-validated sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) in the range of 82.9-85.4% and 71.8-76.9%, respectively. The misclassification mainly occurs to a small portion of ambiguous Trappist and non-Trappist samples such as Abbey beers, which are rather similar to Trappist beers.
- Subjects
BEER analysis; NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy; PARTIAL least squares regression; PRINCIPAL components analysis; TRAPPISTS
- Publication
Quality Assurance & Safety of Crops & Foods, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 1, p83
- ISSN
1757-8361
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.15586/qas.v13i1.839