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- Title
Integrated Petrographical, Mineralogical, and Geochemical Investigation to Evaluate Diagenesis of Sandstone: A Case Study of the Oligocene Nari Formation from Southern Kirthar Range, Pakistan.
- Authors
Ahmedani, Surriya Bibi; Agheem, Muhammad Hassan; Hakro, Asghar A. A. D.; Halepoto, Aijaz Ali; Lashari, Rafique Ahmed; Thebo, Ghulam Mustafa
- Abstract
In this work, the sandstone facies of the Nari Formation from the Nari River Section in Southern Kirthar Range, Pakistan are studied to decipher their diagenetic processes, stages, and associated tectonic events using petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical analysis. The field study encompasses outcrop observations, section measurement and sampling. Laboratory work includes thin-section preparation and analysis of the samples under a petrographic microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. During this study, different diagenetic processes, such as cementation, compaction, quartz dissolution, quartz overgrowth, and grain deformation porosity are identified. Results indicate that iron oxide is the most abundant cementing material in samples followed by calcite and dolomite. The cement has completely destroyed the primary porosity. The sandstone of the Nari Formation indicates poor to well compaction as exhibited by grain contacts. Identified diagenetic processes are classified into three diagenetic stages, which are eogenesis, mesogenesis and telogenesis. Eogenesis is contemporary to the deposition of Nari Formation. Nari Formation experienced mesogenesis during the Pliocene. Deformation and uplifting of the north-western margin of the Indian Plate during the Pliocene-Pleistocene brought the Nari Formation into the regime of telogenesis. This study suggests that the diagenesis of the Nari Formation is controlled by the Oligocene-Pleistocene tectonic evolution of the study area. This integrated and comprehensive investigation not only provides important constraints on the diagenetic history of the Nari Formation but also accentuates the crucial role played by the Oligocene-Pleistocene tectonic evolution to control the diagenesis of the Nari Formation in the study area. The present work will serve as a demonstration of the critical interaction between diagenetic processes and tectonic events in the evolution of sedimentary formations thereby offering valuable insights for both academic understanding and geological resource exploration.
- Subjects
PAKISTAN; DOLOMITE; DIAGENESIS; ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; SANDSTONE; OLIGOCENE Epoch; PETROGRAPHIC microscope; SOIL compaction
- Publication
Journal of Himalayan Earth Science, 2024, Vol 57, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1994-3237
- Publication type
Article