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- Title
Pharmacognostic and phyto-physio chemical investigation of the Leaves of Siam weed- Chromolaena odorata (L) King& Robinson.
- Authors
Agrawal, Sorabh Kumar; Karthikeyan, Venkatachalam; Parthiban, P.; Nandhini, Ramraj
- Abstract
To explore the micro morphology and physio chemical parameters of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L). King&Robinson (Asteraceae). Macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and other WHO recommended parameters for standardizations were performed. The leaves of Siam weed are soft, green, hairy and roughly triangular in shape with a distinctive pitchfork three-vein pattern. Leaves are opposite, flaccid-membranous, velvety-pubescent, deltoid-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, very coarsely toothed, each margin with 1-5 teeth, or entire in youngest leaves; base obtuse or subtruncate but shortly decurrent; petiole slender, 1-1.5cm long; blade mostly 5-12cm long, 3-6cm wide. Microscopic evaluation revealed the abaxial epidermis surface has many long multi cellular uniserate unbranched trichomes. Vascular system - complex system of both main and accessory vascular bundles. There is large, top shaped collateral (main) median vascular bundles with a slightly lateral vascular bundle on either side. On the adaxial part these are two small strands, each with a few xylem elements and a few phloems. Secretory canals occur as inside the vascular strands. The canal is circular and is surrounded by 4- 6 epithelial cells. Anomocytic stoma is present. The glandular trichome is located in shallow pits, mostly on the abaxial side. The gland is sessile, broadly bowl shaped and consist of two vertical rows of cells. Vein islet numbers, vein termination numbers, stomatal number, stomatal index and other physico chemical tests like ash values, loss on drying, extractive values were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols, triterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic substances and absence of proteins and aminoacids, mucilage, glycosides, volatile and fixed oil. Microscopic analysis was informative and provides useful information in the botanical identification, standardization for purity & quality and immense value in authentication of the leaf.
- Subjects
CHROMOLAENA odorata; PHARMACOGNOSY; LEAVES; ASTERACEAE; PHYTOCHEMICALS; XYLEM; EPIDERMIS
- Publication
Drug Invention Today, 2014, Vol 6, Issue 2, p96
- ISSN
0975-7619
- Publication type
Article