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- Title
General parenting styles are not strongly associated with fruit and vegetable intake and social-environmental correlates among 11-year-old children in four countries in Europe.
- Authors
De Bourdeaudhuij I; Te Velde S; Maes L; Pérez-Rodrigo C; de Almeida M; Brug J; De Bourdeaudhuij, I; Te Velde, S J; Maes, L; Pérez-Rodrigo, C; de Almeida, M D V; Brug, J
- Abstract
<bold>Objectives: </bold>To investigate whether fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in 11-year-olds, and social-environmental correlates of F&V intake such as parental modelling and encouragement, family food rules and home availability, differ according to general parenting styles in Belgium, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.<bold>Design: </bold>Cross-sectional study.<bold>Setting: </bold>Primary schools in four countries.<bold>Subjects: </bold>Pupils and one of their parents completed questionnaires to measure F&V intake, related social-environmental correlates and general parenting styles. The sample size was 4555 (49.3 % boys); 1180 for Belgium, 883 for The Netherlands, 1515 for Portugal and 977 for Spain. Parenting styles were divided into authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful.<bold>Results: </bold>No differences were found in F&V intake across parenting styles and only very few significant differences in social-environmental correlates. The authoritarian (more parental encouragement and more demands to eat fruit) and the authoritative (more availability of fruit and vegetables) parenting styles resulted in more favourable correlates.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Despite earlier studies suggesting that general parenting styles are associated with health behaviours in children, the present study suggests that this association is weak to non-existent for F&V intakes in four different European countries.
- Publication
Public Health Nutrition, 2009, Vol 12, Issue 2, p259
- ISSN
1368-9800
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1017/S1368980008002930