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- Title
THE EFFECT OF EXTREME TEMPERATURES ON HUMAN HEALTH AS A RESULT OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
- Authors
Kucaj, Enkelejda; Gjoni, Anira
- Abstract
Nowadays, assessment of impact health related to climate change is becoming the most important research method at regional and local level, as it explains how adaptation is needed to reduce the current vulnerability to climate change that has already occurred and the need for adaptation to address the health risks anticipated over the coming decades. The purpose of this study is to describe the health impacts of climate change on human health as well as the study of extreme air temperatures and their distribution in the territory. The data of the last years 2017-2018 have been used, based on the Monthly Climate Bulletin published by the Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment, Department of Climate and Environment. Extreme values of air temperature are of great interest both theoretically and practically. Their distribution is greater than then averages, therefore for their study a large number of stations are needed. Air temperature is one of the main climatic elements for determining the climate of a country. All physical processes in the earth's atmosphere are related to solar energy. Increasing the air temperature above 30° C provokes an intensification of the activity of thermoregulatory mechanisms. The action of high temperatures usually causes vasomotor reactions in the skin, which are opposite to those caused by low temperatures and consists of dilation of skin vessels. Active dilatation caused by high air temperatures is associated with hyperemia, with high heat radiation from the skin surface and the sensation of heat. High air temperatures cause the effect of sweating and through it the body loses significant amounts of water. The losses are even greater if at increased air temperature and a great deal of physical activity is exercised; e.g. on a working day performed at 1 atm, with air temperature ≥ 30 ° C, a worker can lose up to 10 liters of water. An increase in air temperature causes acceleration of respiration; as a result, the heart rate increases and the systolic blood pressure drops. Other reactions caused by high temperatures are changes in the humoral organs of the body expressed in changes in processes, which occur in the tissues of the human body. The relationship that exists between the temperature of the air (surroundings ambient) and the speed of flow of exchange processes in the body, is such that, if we take as a norm the level of them, which exists in the healthy body for air temperature from + 15° - 20°, then during its decrease from 15° - 0° the exchange increases, for air temperatures from +15, +30 it decreases, while during the increase of temperature above 30° C the exchange increases again.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change; ATMOSPHERIC temperature; BIOLOGICAL adaptation; SKIN physiology; EARTH sciences
- Publication
Knowledge: International Journal, 2020, Vol 42, Issue 3, p543
- ISSN
2545-4439
- Publication type
Article