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- Title
Comparison of commercial elm cultivars and promising unreleased Dutch clones for resistance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.
- Authors
Buiteveld, Joukje; Van Der Werf, Bert; Hiemstra, Jelle A.
- Abstract
In the past centuries elms (especially Ulmus × hollandica) have been dominant and largely appreciated trees in cities and rural landscape in the Netherlands. As a result of two Dutch Elm Disease (DED) epidemics in the 20th century these trees largely disappeared from the landscape. Despite the introduction of new cultivars with enhanced DED-resistance, by the end of the 20th century the elm had disappeared from the top 20 list of trees produced by Dutch nurseries. New cultivars with increased resistance to DED are used to a limited extent only, due to a lack of confidence in their resistance among urban foresters and landscape managers. This paper reports on a study aimed at restoring the position of elm as a street tree in the Netherlands by providing information on resistance of the currently available cultivars to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causing DED. All elm cultivars currently on the Dutch market were compared in an inoculation test. In 2007 a field experiment including 18 cultivars, one species and 10 non-released clones from the Dutch elm breeding program was established. Two cultivars were used as reference clones: "Commelin" (relatively susceptible) and "Lobel" (relatively resistant). In 2008 and 2009 the elms were stem-inoculated with O. novo-ulmi and disease development was assessed throughout the summer and the following year. Clear differences among cultivars in the resistance to O. novo-ulmi were found, with "Columella", "Sapporo Autumn Gold"' and "Rebella" being highly resistant and significantly different from "Lobel" and "Regal", "Urban", "Belgica", "Den Haag", and the U. laevis seedlings being the most susceptible and comparable to "Commelin". The non-released clones performed similarly to "Lobel'"or even better. The ranking of cultivars based on their level of resistance to O. novo-ulmi in the field test corresponds well with previous experiences from urban green practices. Our conclusion is that a wide range of cultivars with a good to excellent level of resistance are currently available, with a broad genetic base due to different parentage and the use of exotic germplasm in the crossings. Such broad genetic background may contribute to the stability of resistance in the case new forms of the disease appear. The non-released clones performed well as compared to the released cultivars, thus giving good opportunities to further broaden the current range of cultivars on the Dutch and European markets.
- Subjects
NETHERLANDS; DUTCH elm disease; TREE disease &; pest resistance; TREE varieties; OPHIOSTOMA; INOCULATION of crops; FOREST management
- Publication
iForest - Biogeosciences & Forestry, 2015, Vol 8, Issue 2, pe1
- ISSN
1971-7458
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3832/ifor1209-008