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- Title
Application of Cost Criteria for Selection of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems.
- Authors
Tsagarakis, K. P.; Mara, D. D.; Angelakis, A. N.
- Abstract
Analysis of economic data pertinent to the existing municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP) in Greece is presented. This information is important when budgeting for future plants. The data include land usage and the costs for construction, operation and maintenance of the form y = axb, where a and b are calculated coefficients. Equations for cost and land use were produced for specific systems. Personnel and energy aspects are analysed as they are major contributors to operational cost. A life cycle analysis (LCA) of plants is undertaken. The results of such an analysis should suggest the most preferable technology under given circumstances. Thus, under high energy costs and low level of automation and operation, at low F/M ratios, conventional activated sludge systems are relatively not cost effective. In addition, for cost of land less than US$30 per m2, waste stabilisation ponds are cost effective subjected to minor earthworks.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL wastes; WATER utilities; WASTEWATER treatment; SEWAGE disposal plants; CIVIL engineering; SEWAGE purification
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2003, Vol 142, Issue 1-4, p187
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1023/A:1022032232487