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- Title
Reactivity Enhancement of Lignin Extracted from Preconditioning Refiner Chemical-Recycle Bleached Mechanized Pulp (PRCRBMP) Black Liquor by Phenolation.
- Authors
Lim Kah Yen; Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Tengku; Ujang, Farhana Aziz; Husin, Hazwani; Ariffin, Hidayah; Tahir, Paridah Md; Li Xin Ping; Yusof, Mohd Termizi
- Abstract
Despite black liquor's (BL) renown as a difficult-to-manage contaminant in the pulp and paper industry, BL has been found as a viable alternative material for adhesive formulation due to its high lignin content. Nevertheless, modification is required to enhance lignin's reactivity, and there is currently a lack of study focusing on this aspect for BL-lignin. This study aims to increase the phenolic hydroxyl content of BL-lignin by phenolation. After being phenolated at lignin to phenol ratio of 1:1, at a temperature of 100°C for 110 minutes, and with the addition of 8% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst, the phenolic hydroxyl content improved by 51.5%. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/Vis spectrophotometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), thermogravimetrydifferential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and its differential curve showed that the structural change in phenolated lignin opened up more active sites, implying that this lignin could be a good substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing.
- Subjects
SULFATE waste liquor; LIGNINS; LIGNIN structure; PHENOLIC resins; PROTON magnetic resonance; FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; NUCLEAR magnetic resonance
- Publication
Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2023, Vol 31, Issue 5, p2577
- ISSN
0128-7680
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.47836/pjst.31.5.28