The article discusses the common etiologies of fetal anemia, screening and diagnostic tools, management of fetal anemia, including fetal blood sampling (FBS) and intrauterine transfusion (IUT) techniques and risks linked with these. The most common cause of fetal anemia is RBC alloimmunization, despite standardized protocols for Rhesus D (RhD) immune globulin (RhIG) prophylaxis. Other causes are PB19 infection and hemoglobinopathies.