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- Title
Somatostatin Receptor PET Imaging of Physiologic and Benign Processes: Implications for Image Interpretation, Avoiding Pitfalls, and Clinical Applications.
- Authors
Raynor, William Y.; Kempf, Jeffrey S.
- Abstract
Purpose: Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed by neuroendocrine cells in various organs, including in the spleen, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which often demonstrate high levels of SSTR2, can be detected by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with somatostatin analogs labeled with either 68Ga or 64Cu. The most common of these analogues (DOTATATE, DOTATOC, and DOTANOC) bind to SSTR2, with affinity to additional SSTR isoforms variable among the three tracers. Tracer activity due to benign processes and variations in normal tissue SSTR expression has implications for both the interpretation of SSTR PET imaging as well as potential future applications of this modality. Methods: PubMed was searched separately using "DOTATATE," "DOTATOC," and "DOTANOC" as keywords, and results pertaining to neoplasms such as NET, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, and meningioma were excluded. Results: Relevant original articles, case reports, and review articles were grouped between physiologic and benign observations regarding SSTR PET. A comprehensive review of the literature provided insights into image interpretation and new potential applications in assessing inflammatory disorders. Conclusions: Variations in splenic and pancreatic tissue can cause diagnostic uncertainty and potential misinterpretation. Preliminary data suggest a role for SSTR PET to characterize atherosclerosis and sarcoidosis.
- Subjects
ONLINE information services; INFLAMMATION; CELL receptors; RADIOISOTOPES; POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography; GALLIUM isotopes; GENE expression; SOMATOSTATIN; POSITRON emission tomography; NEUROENDOCRINE tumors; COMPUTER-assisted image analysis (Medicine); MEDLINE; COPPER; DIAGNOSTIC errors; SPLEEN
- Publication
Applied Radiology, 2024, Vol 53, p36
- ISSN
0160-9963
- Publication type
Article