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- Title
Sleep quality during pregnancy: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms.
- Authors
Polo‐Kantola, Päivi; Aukia, Linda; Karlsson, Hasse; Karlsson, Linnea; Paavonen, E. Juulia
- Abstract
<bold>Introduction: </bold>Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy, yet underdiagnosed and under-investigated. We evaluated sleep quality during pregnancy and assessed associated factors, especially depressive and anxiety symptoms.<bold>Material and Methods: </bold>A total of 78 healthy pregnant women from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study were studied twice prospectively during pregnancy (in mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy). Sleep quality was evaluated by the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire, depressive symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and anxiety symptoms by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.<bold>Results: </bold>Poor general sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, the number of nocturnal awakenings per night, and too-early morning awakenings increased in late pregnancy compared with mid-pregnancy (all p-values < 0.020). The total insomnia score (p < 0.001) and sleep latency increased (p = 0.005), but sleep duration and preferred sleep duration did not change. Women tended to snore more often in late pregnancy, but apneas remained rare. Almost one-fourth of the women reported both morning and daytime sleepiness, but the frequencies did not increase during the follow up. In late pregnancy, depressive and anxiety symptoms were cross-sectionally related to sleep disturbances, but depressive or anxiety symptoms in mid-pregnancy were not associated with sleep disturbances in late pregnancy.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>We found deterioration in sleep quality across pregnancy. However, no increase in negative daytime consequences was found, presumably indicating a compensatory capacity against sleep impairment. Additionally, depressive and anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbances were only cross-sectionally associated. Our study calls for further research on the factors that influence sleep disturbances during pregnancy.
- Subjects
SLEEP-wake cycle; MATERNAL health; MENTAL depression; ANXIETY; PRENATAL care; LONGITUDINAL method; MATERNAL age; PREGNANCY complications; DURATION of pregnancy; QUESTIONNAIRES; SNORING; EDINBURGH Postnatal Depression Scale; BODY mass index; PARITY (Obstetrics); STATE-Trait Anxiety Inventory
- Publication
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2017, Vol 96, Issue 2, p198
- ISSN
0001-6349
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1111/aogs.13056