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- Title
Treatment of Double-Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia—An Unmet Clinical Need.
- Authors
Zygmunciak, Przemysław; Robak, Tadeusz; Puła, Bartosz
- Abstract
Recent years have seen significant improvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) management. Targeting B-cell lymphoma (BCL-2) and Bruton's kinase (BTK) have become the main strategies to restrain CLL activity. These agents are generally well tolerated, but the discontinuation of these therapies happens due to resistance, adverse effects, and Richter's transformation. A growing population of patients who have previously used both BTK inhibitors and BCL2 suffer from the constriction of the following regimens. This review explores the resistance mechanisms for both ibrutinib and venetoclax. Moreover, we present innovative approaches evaluated for treating double-refractory CLL.
- Subjects
CHRONIC lymphocytic leukemia; RICHTER syndrome; B cells; BRUTON tyrosine kinase; DEEP brain stimulation; VENETOCLAX
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 3, p1589
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms25031589