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- Title
Community-Based Randomized Double-Blind Study of Gastrointestinal Effects and Copper Exposure in Drinking Water.
- Authors
Araya, Magdalena; Olivares, Manuel; Pizarro, Fernando; Llanos, Adolfo; Figueroa, Guillermo; Uauy, Ricardo
- Abstract
We assessed gastrointestinal effects in 1,365 adults exposed to either < 0.01 (controls), 2, 4, or 6 mg copper/L of drinking water for 2 months in a randomized, double-blind community-based study. The risk of symptoms increased with increasing Cu exposure and decreased with time. The best model by counting-process analysis included Cu concentration and sex. The risk of symptoms remained significant higher in women than in men during weeks 1-4 for all concentrations tested; at week 1 comparison with the < 0.01-mg/L group showed that differences became significant in women at 4 mg/L [relative risk (RR) = 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-2.05), and in men at 6 mg/L (RR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.02-2.79). At week 2 for men and week 4 in women, the Cu concentration required to obtain significant differences on symptom report was > 6 mg Cu/L. We conclude that exposure to Cu in drinking water results in gastrointestinal symptoms, which are modulated by Cu concentration, time, and sex.
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of copper; COPPER content of drinking water; WATER pollution; GASTROINTESTINAL diseases; ENVIRONMENTAL toxicology; ENVIRONMENTAL health
- Publication
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2004, Vol 112, Issue 10, p1068
- ISSN
0091-6765
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1289/ehp.6913