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- Title
Thermodynamics and Perturbative Analysis of Some Newly Developed F(R,Lm,T)$\mathcal {F}(R,L_m, T)$ Theories Under the Scenario of Conserved Energy‐momentum Tensor.
- Authors
Zubair, M.; Waheed, Saira; Muneer, Quratulien; Ahmad, M.
- Abstract
The present work is devoted to explore some interesting cosmological features of a newly proposed theory of gravity namely F(R,Lm,T)$\mathcal {F}(R,L_m,T)$ theory, where R and T represent the Ricci scalar and trace of energy momentum‐tensor, respectively. First, a non‐equilibrium thermodynamical description is considered on the apparent horizon of the Friedmann's cosmos. The Friedmann equations are demonstrated to be equivalent to the first law of thermodynamics, i.e., TAhdεh′+TAhdiεh′=−dÊ+ŴdV${T_{Ah}d\varepsilon _{h}^\prime +T_{Ah}d_{i}\varepsilon _{h}^\prime =-d\hat{E}+\hat{W}dV}$, where diεh′${d_{i}\varepsilon _{h}^\prime }$ refers to entropy production term. The constraint for validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics is also formulated and checked it for some simple well‐known forms of generic function F(R,Lm,T)$\mathcal {F}(R,L_m,T)$. Next, the energy bounds for this framework and constraint the free variables by finding the validity regions for NEC and WEC are developed. Furthermore, some interesting cosmological solutions namely power law, ΛCDM, and de Sitter models in this theory are reconstructed. The reconstructed solutions are then examined by checking the validity of GSLT and energy bounds. Lastly, the stability of all reconstructed solutions by introducing suitable perturbations in the field equations is analyzed. It is concluded that obtained solutions are stable and cosmologically viable. The present work is devoted to explore some interesting cosmological features of a newly proposed theory of gravity namely F(R, Lm, T) theory, where R and T represent the Ricci scalar and trace of energy momentum‐tensor, respectively. First, a non‐equilibrium thermodynamical description is considered on the apparent horizon of the Friedmann's cosmos. The Friedmann equations are demonstrated to be equivalent to the first law of thermodynamics. The constraint for validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics is also formulated and checked it for some simple well‐known forms of generic function F(R, Lm, T). Next, the energy bounds for this framework and constraint the free variables by finding the validity regions for NEC and WEC are developed. Furthermore, some interesting cosmological solutions namely power law, ΛCDM, and de Sitter models in this theory are reconstructed. The reconstructed solutions are then examined by checking the validity of GSLT and energy bounds. Lastly, the stability of all reconstructed solutions by introducing suitable perturbations in the field equations is analyzed. It is concluded that obtained solutions are stable and cosmologically viable.
- Subjects
SECOND law of thermodynamics; FIRST law of thermodynamics; THERMODYNAMICS; THERMODYNAMIC laws; FRIEDMANN equations; PERTURBATION theory
- Publication
Fortschritte der Physik / Progress of Physics, 2023, Vol 71, Issue 8/9, p1
- ISSN
0015-8208
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/prop.202300018