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- Title
North East England Shipping in the 1890s: Investment and Entrepreneurship.
- Authors
Milne, Graeme J.
- Abstract
This article explores shipowning practices and shipping investment patterns in the late nineteenth century. North East England was a complex maritime region with several major shipping centres and an export-oriented industrial hinterland. Much of its shipping was engaged in the coal trade, but by the 1890s some shipowners were diversifying into long-distance routes and liner services. Shipowners experimented with new patterns of shareholding to meet increasing capital requirements, and entrepreneurship in the industry was highly individualistic. The article analyzes the use of 64ths partnerships and joint-stock company structures, and traces the spatial distribution of shareholding. While many shipowners remained tied to a local investment base, some created national financial and operational connections. North East England shipping is an important case study of the choices facing entrepreneurs in an era of technological and economic change.
- Subjects
NORTH East England; ENGLAND; UNITED Kingdom; EIGHTEEN nineties; SHIPOWNERS; SHIPPING mergers; MARITIME shipping finance; MARITIME shipping; SHIPPING companies; BRITISH investments; HISTORY; HISTORIOGRAPHY
- Publication
International Journal of Maritime History, 2009, Vol 21, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
0843-8714
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/084387140902100102