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- Title
The Interval Between Concussions Does Not Influence Time to Asymptomatic or Return to Play: A CARE Consortium Study.
- Authors
Shumski, Eric J.; Eagle, Shawn R.; Kontos, Anthony P.; Bazarian, Jeffrey J.; Caccese, Jaclyn B.; Chrisman, Sara P. D.; Clugston, James R.; McAllister, Thomas W.; McCrea, Michael; Broglio, Steven P.; Lynall, Robert C.; Schmidt, Julianne D.; Duma, Stefan M.; Pasquina, Paul F.; Brooks, Alison; Kelly, Louise A.; Benjamin, Holly J.; Eckner, James T.; Hazzard Jr., Joseph B.; Susmarski, Adam
- Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine if the time interval between two concussive events influences the number of days to asymptomatic status, days to return to play, or performance on common post-concussion assessments following the second concussion. Methods: Data from 448 collegiate athletes and service academy cadets with two concussions (time between concussions: median 295.0 days [interquartile range: 125.0–438.2]), 40.0% female) were analyzed from Concussion Assessment Research and Education (CARE) Consortium institutions between 2014 and 2020. Days between concussions was the primary predictor variable. Primary outcome measures included time to asymptomatic and time to return to play following the second concussion. Secondary outcome measures included total number of symptoms, total symptom severity, Balance Error Scoring System total score, and Standardized Assessment of Concussion total score within 48 h of their second concussion. Results: Time between concussions did not significantly contribute to the multivariate time to asymptomatic (p = 0.390), time to return to play (p = 0.859), or the secondary outcomes (p-range = 0.165–0.477) models. Time to asymptomatic (p = 0.619) or return to play (p = 0.524) did not differ between same-season and different-season concussions. Sex significantly contributed to the return to play (p = 0.005) multivariate model. Delayed symptom onset and immediate removal from play/competition significantly contributed to the total number of symptoms (p = 0.001, p = 0.014) and symptom severity (p = 0.011, p = 0.022) multivariate models. Conclusion: These results suggest that in a population with a large period between injuries, the time between concussions may not be relevant to clinical recovery.
- Subjects
HEALTH status indicators; RESEARCH funding; SPORTS injuries; SEX distribution; MULTIPLE regression analysis; MENTAL illness; SEVERITY of illness index; MULTIVARIATE analysis; ANALYSIS of covariance; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; SPORTS re-entry; SPORTS participation; CONVALESCENCE; STATISTICS; ATHLETIC ability; DATA analysis software; BRAIN concussion; TIME; MILITARY personnel; DELAYED onset of disease; POSTURAL balance; REGRESSION analysis; SYMPTOMS
- Publication
Sports Medicine, 2024, Vol 54, Issue 8, p2185
- ISSN
0112-1642
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s40279-024-02015-2