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- Title
Determinants of maternal vitamin D concentrations in Slovenia.
- Authors
Dovnik, Andraž; Mujezinović, Faris; Treiber, Milena; Pečovnik Balon, Breda; Gorenjak, Maksimiljan; Maver, Uroš; Takač, Iztok
- Abstract
Objective: To analyze the vitamin D status of pregnant women in Slovenia and the factors influencing it. Methods: The study was performed in Maribor University Medical Centre (location 46°N). Maternal serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) in 4 groups of 100 pregnant women in 4 different seasons of the year was measured at the time of delivery. Data on life style, eating habits, sunbathing and intake of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy were obtained using a questionnaire. Information on maternal outcome was acquired from medical records. Duration of sunlight and average temperature in the month preceding delivery were calculated from meteorological data. Results: The average maternal 25(OH)D concentration ranged from 28.5 ± 17.1 nmol/l in March to 54.8 ± 24.1 nmol/l in June ( p < 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency, i.e. <25 nmol/l 25(OH)D was present in 23.6% of women overall. In multiple regression analysis supplements containing vitamin D (β = 0.225, p < 0.001) and duration of intentional exposure to sunlight (β = 0.192, p = 0.026) were associated with maternal 25(OH)D status. Significantly lower vitamin D levels were observed in women who had a cesarean section (t = 2.053, p = 0.041) and those with premature delivery (t = 2.296, p = 0.022). Vitamin D levels were not associated with the occurrence of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension or infections during pregnancy. Conclusion: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was detected at the end of pregnancy, especially in the months following autumn and winter and in women who did not take supplements containing vitamin D.
- Subjects
VITAMIN D; MATERNAL health; VITAMIN D deficiency; DIETARY supplements; VITAMIN D in human nutrition
- Publication
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 2017, Vol 129, Issue 1/2, p21
- ISSN
0043-5325
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00508-016-1142-2