We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Physical, Sexual, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals.
- Authors
Closson, Kalysha; Boyce, Sabrina C.; Johns, Nicole; Inwards-Breland, David J.; Thomas, Edwin Elizabeth; Raj, Anita
- Abstract
This survey study evaluates differences in experiences of violence among transgender and gender-diverse individuals compared with cisgender individuals. Key Points: Question: Are transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals at higher risk of experiencing multiple forms of past-year violence? Findings: Using data from 3560 adults completing a cross-sectional survey, California-representative estimates showed TGD respondents, especially transgender men, were significantly more likely to face physical, sexual, and intimate partner violence in the past year relative to cisgender respondents. Meaning: These findings suggest there is a critical need for gender-affirming violence prevention, support services, and policies that are protective of TGD individuals. Importance: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few state-representative estimates are available. Objective: To assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023. Exposure: Gender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals). Main Outcomes and Measures: Experience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression. Results: In total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form). Conclusions and Relevance: In this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.
- Subjects
CROSS-sectional method; POISSON distribution; INTIMATE partner violence; SEX crimes; GENDER identity; RESEARCH funding; TRANSGENDER people; NONBINARY people; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; SURVEYS; DOMESTIC violence; CISGENDER people; COMPARATIVE studies; CONFIDENCE intervals; DATA analysis software; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; REGRESSION analysis
- Publication
JAMA Network Open, 2024, Vol 7, Issue 6, pe2419137
- ISSN
2574-3805
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19137