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- Title
Relationship between foot type, foot deformity, and ulcer occurrence in the high-risk diabetic foot.
- Authors
Ledoux, William R.; Shofer, Jane B.; Smith, Douglas G.; Sullivan, Katrina; Hayes, Shane G.; Assal, Mathieu; Reiber, Gayle E.
- Abstract
We hypothesized an association between foot type, foot deformity, and foot ulceration and conducted an analysis of a well- characterized, high-risk diabetic population of 398 subjects. The average age was 62 years of age and 74% of the study population were males. Foot-type distributions were 19.5% pes cavus (high arch), 51.5% neutrally aligned (normal arch), and 29.0% pes planus (low arch). We quantified the presence of hallux valgus (23.9%), hammer/claw toes (46.7%), and hallux limitus (24.4%). A significant association was found between foot type and hallux valgus (p = 0.003); pes planus feet had the highest prevalence as compared with neutrally aligned feet (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, p = 0.0006). Foot type was also significantly associated with fixed hammer/claw toes (p = 0.01); pes cavus feet had the highest prevalence as compared with neutrally aligned feet (OR = 3.89, p = 0.001). Foot type was also significantly associated with hallux limitus (p = 0.006) with pes planus feet having the highest prevalence as compared with neutrally aligned feet (OR = 2.19, p = 0.003). However, foot type was not significantly related to any ulcer outcome (p = 0.7). Fixed hammer/claw toes (OR = 3.91, p = 0.003) and hallux limitus (OR = 3.02, p = 0.006) were associated with increased risk of any ulcer occurrence. This study affirms that foot type and foot deformity are related and that foot deformities are associated with ulcer occurrence.
- Subjects
DIABETES; DIABETIC foot; FOOT ulcers; FOOT diseases; HUMAN abnormalities; HALLUX valgus; HALLUX limitus
- Publication
Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 2005, Vol 42, Issue 5, p665
- ISSN
0748-7711
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1682/JRRD.2004.11.0144