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- Title
Secondary metabolites released into the rhizosphere by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium spp. as underestimated component of nonspecific replant disease.
- Authors
Manici, L.; Caputo, F.; Saccà, M.
- Abstract
Background and aims: A study was performed to investigate the role of fungal metabolites released into the rhizosphere of replanted orchards as a potential biotic component of tree growth decline. Methods: The phytotoxicity of the gamma ray-sterilized crude culture filtrates of sixteen fungal species originating from replanted apple orchards was tested in a bioassay. Low molecular weight compounds released by Fusarium spp. were analyzed. Results: The fungal culture filtrates affected seedling growth and health with an activity that varied from growth inhibition to promotion. Three out of the six species of Fusarium tested produced species-specific mycotoxins such as equisetin and enniatin B and D (<1 μg ml and <6 μg ml, respectively) associated with root-tip necrosis, whereas fusaric acid (80-230 μg ml) was associated with asymptomatic plant growth inhibition. These findings were consistent with those obtained using pure compounds. Moreover, methoxyconidiol, paecilaminol, integrastatin B and other biologically active compounds, whose fungal origin and phytotoxicity have not yet been reported, were found. in all fungal filtrates. Conclusions: Findings suggest that i) phytopathogenicity of soil borne fungi can be expressed regardless of root infection; ii) a synergistic interaction between co-occurring mycotoxins and other biologically active compounds may explain plant growth inhibition. Iii) fungal metabolites released into soil may represent an underestimated component of nonspecific replant disease.
- Subjects
METABOLITES; RHIZOSPHERE; FUSARIUM oxysporum; REPLANT diseases; ENNIATINS
- Publication
Plant & Soil, 2017, Vol 415, Issue 1/2, p85
- ISSN
0032-079X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11104-016-3152-2