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- Title
Comparative Assessment of Rice Mill Waste Utilisation Management in Malaysia Using Integrated Material Flow and Life Cycle Analyses.
- Authors
Abu Bakar, Nurul Ain; Abdul Rahman, Mohammad Hariz; Ibrahim, Khairul Nadiah; Roslan, Ahmad Muhaimin; Hassan, Mohd Ali
- Abstract
Empty and partially filled grain (EPFG) from rice milling factories is usually discarded to landfill. Converting EPFG to valuable products could increase the waste value, improve Malaysia's rice milling waste management, and prevent environmental problems. Utilising the existing and accessible technology in rice mills factories, the optimal waste management practices involving EPFG were investigated. The options were option 1 as biochar, option 2 as compost, and option 3 as bioethanol. Data was obtained from a previous study based on the current Malaysian scenario. A methodology integrating MFA and LCA was applied to observe the environmental performance of these options, which was performed using STAN2 and SimaPro 9.0 software. The best environmental performance was found for the conversion of EPFG to compost (option 2) since less input was used and fewer emissions were released. A total of 3,550 kg CO2 eq. per ton of EPFG used was obtained while avoiding fertiliser products. Therefore, converting EPFG to compost as an easily applied technology can be suggested to rice mill factories to improve their waste management. When deployed in agricultural waste management systems, the integration MFA-LCA model could be referred to as a useful source when implementing policies and industrial uptake.
- Subjects
MALAYSIA; PLANT life cycles; LIFE cycles (Biology); WASTE management; RICE milling; INDUSTRIAL wastes; INDUSTRIAL waste management
- Publication
Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 8, p222
- ISSN
2299-8993
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.12911/22998993/189570