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- Title
Morphological and biological characterization of a light‐colored mutant in the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis.
- Authors
Sun, Yuan‐xing; Hao, Ya‐nan; Yan, Yu; Zhang, Yi; Feng, Yi; Liu, Tong‐xian
- Abstract
Insect cuticle color formed with melanin pigments has numerous types of mutants which usually cause pleiotropic effects. Melanism has been widely studied, but mutants with light‐colored phenotype as well as the consequent fitness changes have rarely been reported.Here, in the laboratory strain of Harmonia axyridis, we found a novel mutant gr and confirmed that the mutation was inherited in a simple Mendelian autosomal recessive manner. This mutant (HAM) continuously displayed a light‐colored pigmentation versus dark blackish in the wild phenotype (HAW). L‐DOPA and dopamine are melanin precursors, and less L‐DOPA was present in the cuticle of larval and adult HAM mutants compared to HAW wild type, but more dopamine was detected in the larval cuticle of HAM (p ≤ 0.0235). For the orange background of elytra, the composition as well as total concentration of carotenoids was different between HAM and HAW, which resulted in significantly lower saturation value but significantly higher hue value in HAM than in HAW (p < 0.0001).Extensive fitness changes were detected in HAM. (a) HAM larvae had similar predation capacity and preimaginal development time as HAW, but the newly emerged adults were much smaller (p < 0.0001). (b) Both fecundity and egg hatch rate in cross ♀(HAM) × ♂(HAM) were significantly lower than those in ♀(HAW) × ♂(HAW) (p ≤ 0.0087), but were not different with those in ♀(HAW) × ♂(HAM). (c) HAM had weaker resistance to desiccation and ultraviolet irradiation compared to HAW (p ≤ 0.0115).These results indicated that the novel light‐colored mutant (HAM) was highly correlated with fitness changes, and it would be a perfect model to study molecular mechanisms of melanism and how a gene results in pleiotropic effects. We reported a novel light‐colored mutant in Harmonia axyridis that continuously exhibited abnormal phenotype compared to the wild type. This mutation was a recessive homozygote and controlled by a single allele on autosome, and multiple pleiotropic effects were caused by this mutant gene. It would be a perfect model to study molecular mechanisms of melanism and how a gene results in pleiotropy effects.
- Subjects
HARMONIA axyridis; LADYBUGS; MORPHOLOGY; ANIMAL coloration; MELANINS; GENETIC pleiotropy
- Publication
Ecology & Evolution (20457758), 2018, Vol 8, Issue 20, p9975
- ISSN
2045-7758
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ece3.4379