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- Title
Effects of temperature, reaction time, atmosphere, and catalyst on hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella.
- Authors
Haque, Tarek Md. Anamul; Brdecka, Michael; Salas, Valeria Duran; Jang, Ben
- Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is the direct conversion of wet biomass into bio‐oil at high temperature (200–400°C) and high pressure (10–25 MPa). In this work, we investigated HTL with 4.5 g of Chlorella and 45 ml of water/ethanol (1:1 vol. ratio) in a 100 ml reactor. Bio‐oils produced are characterized via elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). HTL of Chlorella was investigated at 240 and 250°C for 0 and 15 min under an air or H2 atmosphere and with and without 5% zeolite Y. Temperature increased the bio‐oil yield from 38.75% at 240°C to 43.04% at 250°C for 15 min reaction time. Longer reaction time increased the bio‐oil yield at 250°C from 39.14% for 0 min to 43.04% for 15 min. The H2 atmosphere had a significant effect for HTL at 240°C. Zeolite Y increased the bio‐oil yield significantly from 32.03% to 43.06% at 250°C for 0 min. The carbon content of bio‐oil increased with the temperature while the oxygen content decreased. The boiling point distribution of bio‐oils in the range of 110–300°C varies with temperature, and atmosphere. At 240°C for 15 min, the 110–300°C range increased from 31.19% in air (240‐15‐air) to 39.25% in H2 (240‐15‐H2). The H2 atmosphere increased the content of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and esters from 69.61% in air (240‐0‐air) to 82.83% in H2 (240‐0‐H2). Overall, temperature, reaction time, atmosphere, and catalyst all significantly influenced the yield and/or quality of bio‐oils from HTL of Chlorella.
- Subjects
BIOMASS liquefaction; TEMPERATURE effect; CHLORELLA; ZEOLITE Y; GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); ATMOSPHERE; OXYGEN carriers
- Publication
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, Vol 101, Issue 10, p5886
- ISSN
0008-4034
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/cjce.24839