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- Title
Detection of Staphylococcus Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Virulence Genes from Subclinical Mastitis Cattle Milk Using MALDI-TOF MS, PCR and Sequencing in Free State Province, South Africa.
- Authors
Khasapane, Ntelekwane G.; Koos, Myburgh; Nkhebenyane, Sebolelo J.; Khumalo, Zamantungwa T. H.; Ramatla, Tsepo; Thekisoe, Oriel
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Physical injury or microbial infection can cause mastitis, an inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue in the mammary gland of cows. Globally, mastitis is a leading source of significant financial losses for dairy farms. Despite several attempts over the past several years to manage mastitis, efficient and long-lasting control methods or instruments have not yet been created. The current investigation used MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR for the identification of Staphylococcus isolates from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM), and further screened them for determination of their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence gene profiles. Our results uncovered that 33.13% of the cows had subclinical mastitis, while the quarter-level prevalence was 54%. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR assay and sequencing identified Staphylococcus aureus as the dominant bacteria. An antimicrobial resistance susceptibility test showed that 86% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, while antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes showed that the isolates carried mostly the mecA- and Lg G-binding region genes. The results of this study demonstrate the need for earlier diagnosis and surveillance of SCM and Staphylococcus species in the studied area. Staphylococcus species are amongst the bacteria that cause bovine mastitis worldwide, whereby they produce a wide range of protein toxins, virulence factors, and antimicrobial-resistant properties which are enhancing the pathogenicity of these organisms. This study aimed to detect Staphylococcus spp. from the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR as well as screening for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes. Our results uncovered that from 166 sampled cows, only 33.13% had subclinical mastitis after initial screening, while the quarter-level prevalence was 54%. Of the 50 cultured bacterial isolates, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR assay and sequencing identified S. aureus as the dominant bacteria by 76%. Furthermore, an AMR susceptibility test showed that 86% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, followed by ciprofloxacin (80%) and cefoxitin (52%). Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes showed that 16% of the isolates carried the mecA gene, while 52% of the isolates carried the Lg G-binding region gene, followed by coa (42%), spa (40%), hla (38%), and hlb (38%), whereas sea and bap genes were detected in 10% and 2% of the isolates, respectively. The occurrence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles highlights the need for appropriate strategies to control the spread of these pathogens.
- Subjects
FREE State (South Africa); SOUTH Africa; MILK microbiology; BOVINE mastitis; DRUG resistance in microorganisms; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; MYCOPLASMA bovis; MICROBIAL sensitivity tests; GENES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 1, p154
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani14010154