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- Title
Effects of Maternal Supplementation with Organic Trace Minerals including Zinc, Manganese, Copper, and Cobalt during the Late and Post-Partum Periods on the Health and Immune Status of Japanese Black Calves.
- Authors
Ramah, Amany; Kato, Tomohiro; Shinya, Urara; Baakhtari, Mahmoud; Imatake, Shoichiro; Jadi, Arvendi Rachma; Yasuda, Masahiro
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Beef calves are born with underdeveloped immune systems and extremely vulnerable to diseases. Therefore, calf health is one of the most significant animal health issues facing the livestock industry. Maternal nutrition during pre- and post-partum with essential nutrients plays a significant role in offspring's physiological functions. Thus, this study attempted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of the maternal diet with organic trace minerals on the health and immune status of beef calves. This study indicated that maternal supplementation with trace minerals containing zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt is a promising strategy for preventing infections and improving calves' immunity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation of the maternal diet with organic trace minerals including Zn (zinc), Mn (manganese), Cu (copper), and Co (cobalt) on the health and immune status of beef calves. We examined 19 pregnant cows, which were divided into a group of 9 cows fed a basal diet (control) and 10 cows fed a diet with organic trace minerals (treated). Cows were fed for a period of 45 days before the predicted calving date until 45 days after calving. The number of treatments needed for respiratory and digestive diseases within 14 days of birth was significantly lower in the treated group (p < 0.05) than the control group. In addition, the concentration of serum zinc in the treated group on day 1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the control group. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the treated group on days 30 and 60 were significantly increased (p < 0.01) compared with those in the control group, as was the number of γδ T cells on days 1 and 30 (p < 0.05). The number of IgM+ cells in the treated group on days 30 and 60 was significantly increased (p < 0.01) compared with that in the control group, as was the number of MHC class II+ cells on day 60 (p < 0.01). The number of NK cells in the treated group on day 60 was also significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. The expression levels of mRNAs encoding interlukin-2 (IL-2), interlukin-4 (IL-4), interlukin-12 (IL-12), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the treated group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05) on days 1 and 60. The results indicate that maternal supplementation with trace minerals is a promising approach for producing highly disease-resistant calves and enhancing calf immunity.
- Subjects
TRACE elements; ZINC; IMMUNITY; MANGANESE; CALVES; ANIMAL health; ZINC supplements; MATERNALLY acquired immunity
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2023, Vol 13, Issue 23, p3679
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani13233679