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- Title
Development and Validation of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire to Measure Dietary Intake of a Selection of Immune-Modulating Nutrients in Patients with Established Peripheral Arterial Disease.
- Authors
Collins, Bianca J.; Delaney, Christopher L.; Boffo, Jade E.; Miller, Michelle D.
- Abstract
Nutrients with the ability to modulate the immune system (immune-modulating nutrients; IMN) may help prevent the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the main disease process underlying peripheral artery disease (PAD). Currently, no screening tool exists to measure IMN intake; therefore, the aim of this project is to develop and validate a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that measures dietary intake of 14 nutrients with proposed immune-modulating effects, identified by the literature (copper, iron and zinc, vitamins A, C, D and E, alpha linolenic acid, total long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine and valine) in patients with established PAD. A 21-item FFQ was developed to measure average daily intake of IMNs over the past 12 months. Participants (n = 106) were recruited from Flinders Medical Centre, where they completed the FFQ followed by the reference method, a diet history reflecting usual intake over the past week. The mean age of participants was 72 years, with 83% being male (n = 88). Bland–Altman analysis resulted in a statistically non-significant p-value (p-value > 0.05) for 12 out of 14 nutrients, demonstrating good agreement between the two methods. Additionally, over 50% of nutrients had a sensitivity or specificity >70%. Consequently, the novel 21-item FFQ was determined to be a promising measure of dietary intake of 14 IMNs in patients with PAD when compared to the reference method of a diet history, and it is recommended that further investigations of the utility against biomarkers be explored in the future.
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design; RESEARCH methodology; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; PERIPHERAL vascular diseases; INGESTION; NUTRITIONAL requirements; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants; QUESTIONNAIRES; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 10, p3316
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13103316