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- Title
A Priori and a Posteriori Dietary Patterns among Pregnant Women in Johannesburg, South Africa: The NuPED Study.
- Authors
Conradie, Cornelia; Baumgartner, Jeannine; Malan, Linda; Symington, Elizabeth A.; Cockeran, Marike; Smuts, Cornelius M.; Faber, Mieke; Féart, Catherine
- Abstract
Dietary pattern analyses allow assessment of the diet as a whole. Limited studies include both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses. This study aimed to explore the diet of pregnant women in urban South Africa through both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses and associated maternal and household factors. Dietary data were collected during early pregnancy using a quantified food frequency questionnaire from 250 pregnant women enrolled in the Nutrition During Pregnancy and Early Development (NuPED) cohort. A priori dietary patterns were determined using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and a posteriori nutrient patterns using exploratory factor analysis. Based on the DQI-I, the study population followed a borderline low-quality diet. Three a posteriori nutrient patterns were identified: Pattern 1 "plant protein, iron, thiamine, and folic acid"; pattern 2 "animal protein, copper, vitamin A, and vitamin B12"; pattern 3 "fatty acids and sodium". Pattern 1 was associated with higher dietary quality (p < 0.001), lower maternal educational level (p = 0.03) and socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). Pattern 3 was significantly associated with lower dietary quality. The low dietary quality among pregnant women residing in urban South Africa should be addressed to ensure optimal maternal and offspring health outcomes.
- Subjects
SOUTH Africa; FOOD habits; RESEARCH; VITAMIN B12; IRON; SODIUM; DIET; PLANT proteins; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; QUESTIONNAIRES; FACTOR analysis; VITAMIN A; METROPOLITAN areas; VITAMIN B1; FOLIC acid; COPPER; WOMEN'S health; NUTRITIONAL status; FATTY acids
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 2, p565
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13020565