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- Title
Chronic Ketogenic Low Carbohydrate High Fat Diet Has Minimal Effects on Acid-Base Status in Elite Athletes.
- Authors
Carr, Amelia J.; Sharma, Avish P.; Ross, Megan L.; Welvaert, Marijke; Slater, Gary J.; Burke, Louise M.
- Abstract
Although short (up to 3 days) exposure to major shifts in macronutrient intake appears to alter acid-base status, the effects of sustained (>1 week) interventions in elite athletes has not been determined. Using a non-randomized, parallel design, we examined the effect of adaptations to 21 days of a ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) or periodized carbohydrate (PCHO) diet on pre- and post-exercise blood pH, and concentrations of bicarbonate [HCO3-] and lactate [La-] in comparison to a high carbohydrate (HCHO) control. Twenty-four (17 male and 7 female) elite-level race walkers completed 21 days of either LCHF (n = 9), PCHO (n = 7), or HCHO (n = 8) under controlled diet and training conditions. At baseline and post-intervention, blood pH, blood [HCO3-], and blood [La-] were measured before and after a graded exercise test. Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) over the previous 48-72 h was also calculated from monitored dietary intake. LCHF was not associated with significant differences in blood pH, [HCO3-], or [La-], compared with the HCHO diet pre- or post-exercise, despite a significantly higher NEAP (mEq⋅day-1) (95% CI = (10.44; 36.04)). Our results indicate that chronic dietary interventions are unlikely to influence acid-base status in elite athletes, which may be due to pre-existing training adaptations, such as an enhanced buffering capacity, or the actions of respiratory and renal pathways, which have a greater influence on regulation of acid-base status than nutritional intake.
- Subjects
ACID-base equilibrium; PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation; BICARBONATE ions; CONFIDENCE intervals; EXERCISE tests; CARBOHYDRATE content of food; FAT content of food; KETOGENIC diet; LACTATES; TIME; WALKING (Sports); COOLDOWN; PHYSICAL training &; conditioning; ELITE athletes
- Publication
Nutrients, 2018, Vol 10, Issue 2, p236
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu10020236