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- Title
Effects of cranberry components on human aggressive periodontitis gingival fibroblasts.
- Authors
Tipton, D. A.; Babu, J. P.; Dabbous, M. Kh.
- Abstract
Background and Objective Aggressive periodontitis ( Ag P) causes rapid periodontal breakdown involving Ag P gingival fibroblast production of cytokines [i.e. interleukin ( IL)-6, a bone metabolism regulator], and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP)-3. Lipopolysaccharide upregulates fibroblast IL-6 and MMP-3, via transcription factors (i.e. NF-κ B). Cranberry ( V accinium macrocarpon) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage and normal gingival fibroblast activities, but little is known of its effects on Ag P fibroblasts. Objectives of this study are to use Ag P fibroblasts, to determine cytotoxicity of cranberry components or periodontopathogen ( Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide ± cranberry components, and effects of cranberry components on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NF-κ B activation and IL-6 and MMP-3 production. Material and Methods Ag P fibroblasts were incubated ≤ 6 d with high molecular weight non-dialyzable material ( NDM) (derived from cranberry juice (1-500 μg/mL) or lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL) ± NDM. Membrane damage and viability were assessed by enzyme activity released into cell supernatants and activity of a mitochondrial enzyme, respectively. Secreted IL-6 and MMP-3 were measured by ELISA. NF-κ B p65 was measured via binding to an oligonucleotide containing the NF-κ B consensus site. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffe's F procedure for post hoc comparisons. Results Short-term exposure to NDM, or lipopolysaccharide ± NDM caused no membrane damage. NDM ( ≤ 100 μg/mL) or lipopolysaccharide ± NDM had no effect on viability ≤ 7 d exposure. NDM (50 μg/mL) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated p65 ( P ≤ 0.003) and constitutive or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated MMP-3 ( P ≤ 0.02). NDM increased Ag P fibroblast constitutive or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-6 ( P ≤ 0.0001), but inhibited normal human gingival fibroblast IL-6 ( P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Lack of toxicity of low NDM concentrations, and its inhibition of NF-κ B and MMP-3, suggest that cranberry components may regulate Ag P fibroblast inflammatory responses. Distinct effects of NDM on Ag P and gingival fibroblast production of IL-6 (which can have both positive and negative effects on bone metabolism) may reflect phenotypic differences in IL-6 regulation in the two cell types.
- Subjects
TENNESSEE; FIBROBLASTS; CRANBERRIES; ACADEMIC medical centers; ANALYSIS of variance; PERIODONTITIS; PROTEOLYTIC enzymes; RESEARCH funding; STATISTICS; DATA analysis; EQUIPMENT &; supplies; DATA analysis software; PHYSIOLOGY; PREVENTION
- Publication
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2013, Vol 48, Issue 4, p433
- ISSN
0022-3484
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jre.12023