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- Title
Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses is widespread but low in magnitude.
- Authors
Tan, Hyon‐Xhi; Lee, Wen Shi; Wragg, Kathleen M; Nelson, Christina; Esterbauer, Robyn; Kelly, Hannah G; Amarasena, Thakshila; Jones, Robert; Starkey, Graham; Wang, Bao Zhong; Yoshino, Osamu; Tiang, Thomas; Grayson, Michael Lindsay; Opdam, Helen; D'Costa, Rohit; Vago, Angela; Mackay, Laura K; Gordon, Claire L; Wheatley, Adam K; Kent, Stephen J
- Abstract
Objectives: Endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) circulate worldwide but cause minimal mortality. Although seroconversion to hCoV is near ubiquitous during childhood, little is known about hCoV‐specific T‐cell memory in adults. Methods: We quantified CD4 T‐cell and antibody responses to hCoV spike antigens in 42 SARS‐CoV‐2‐uninfected individuals. Antigen‐specific memory T cells and circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells were identified using an activation‐induced marker assay and characterised for memory phenotype and chemokine receptor expression. Results: T‐cell responses were widespread within conventional memory and cTFH compartments but did not correlate with IgG titres. SARS‐CoV‐2 cross‐reactive T cells were observed in 48% of participants and correlated with HKU1 memory. hCoV‐specific T cells exhibited a CCR6+ central memory phenotype in the blood, but were enriched for frequency and CXCR3 expression in human lung‐draining lymph nodes. Conclusion: Overall, hCoV‐specific humoral and cellular memory are independently maintained, with a shared phenotype existing among coronavirus‐specific CD4 T cells. This understanding of endemic coronavirus immunity provides insight into the homeostatic maintenance of immune responses that are likely to be critical components of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2.
- Subjects
CORONAVIRUSES; T cells; CHEMOKINE receptors; SARS-CoV-2; IMMUNITY; PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
- Publication
Clinical & Translational Immunology, 2021, Vol 10, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
2050-0068
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/cti2.1264