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- Title
Lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor for conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: A prospective study.
- Authors
Azevedo Cardoso, Taiane; Jansen, Karen; Mondin, Thaise C.; Pedrotti Moreira, Fernanda; Lima Bach, Suelen; Silva, Ricardo A.; Mattos Souza, Luciano D.; Balanzá‐Martínez, Vicent; Frey, Benicio N.; Kapczinski, Flavio
- Abstract
Aim: We aimed to identify whether lifetime cocaine use is a risk factor for conversion from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) in an outpatient sample of adults. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 585 subjects aged 18 to 60 years who had been diagnosed with MDD as assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI‐Plus) at baseline (2012–2015). Subjects were reassessed a mean of 3 years later (2017–2018) for potential conversion to BD as assessed by the MINI‐Plus. Lifetime cocaine use was assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Results: In the second wave, we had 117 (20%) losses, and 468 patients were reassessed. The rate of conversion from MDD to BD in 3 years was 12.4% (n = 58). A logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for conversion from MDD to BD was 3.41‐fold higher (95% confidence interval, 1.11–10.43) in subjects who reported lifetime cocaine use at baseline as compared to individuals who did not report lifetime cocaine use at baseline, after adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders. Conclusion: These findings showed that lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor of conversion to BD in an MDD cohort. Further studies are needed to assess the possible underlying mechanisms linking exposure to cocaine with BD conversion.
- Subjects
MENTAL depression; BIPOLAR disorder; COCAINE; LONGITUDINAL method; LOGISTIC regression analysis
- Publication
Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 2020, Vol 74, Issue 8, p418
- ISSN
1323-1316
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/pcn.13012