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- Title
The Biokinetics and Toxicology of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Influenced by Magnetic Field and Protein.
- Authors
Zhang, Junfeng; Li, Yajie; Zhang, Yuxi; Wu, Yinghua; Ju, Jiale; He, Wen; Li, Chenchen
- Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) used in bio-application have accelerated the development of "theranostics" which contains imaging, therapy and drug delivery. However, in a protein-rich physiological fluid, MNPs are ineluctable to a contact with protein to form "protein corona", which will significantly change the physicochemical properties of the particles and their biological behavior. Therefore, we investigated the influence of protein and static magnetic field (SMF) on the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of MNPs. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized by solvothermal method with a mean diameter of ∼ 1 0 0 nm functionalized with carboxyl groups. After a period of 12 h incubation in complete medium (CM), the wrapping of the Fe3O4 NPs by protein adsorption resulted in about 40-nm increase of the hydrodynamic size. Their stability in CM and water solution did not broaden significantly over time, which is exactly opposite in serum-free media (SFM). When transferred to SFM with high ionic-strength, the Fe3O4 NPs aggregated and settled quickly. We explore that the cell viability was decreased in proportion to the concentration and incubating time of Fe3O4 NPs, the absence of FBS and the presence of SMF exposure, respectively. Quantitative analysis showed that cells could incorporate more NPs in SFM, about five-fold more than in CM. In addition, it is obvious that exposure to SMF resulted in more cellular uptake both in CM and SFM. Our results demonstrated that Fe3O4 NPs in SFM and SMF exposure would settle down to cell rapidly, which caused more cellular uptake and higher cytotoxicity. When Fe3O4 NPs were incubated in a complete medium, the size and potential of the Fe3O4 NPs, as well as the fluorescence spectrum of the protein changed, which mean the formation of protein corona. When transferred to serum free media, the Fe3O4 NPs were aggregated and settled very quickly. The result demonstrated that Fe3O4 NPs in serum free medium and SMF exposure would settle down to cell rapidly, which caused more uptake and higher cytotoxicity.
- Subjects
NANOPARTICLE toxicity; MAGNETIC nanoparticles; MAGNETIC fields; SERUM-free culture media; FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy; ANTIBODY-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- Publication
NANO, 2022, Vol 17, Issue 8, p1
- ISSN
1793-2920
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1142/S179329202250062X