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- Title
Increased levels of GM-CSF and CXCL10 and low CD8<sup>+</sup> memory stem T Cell count are markers of immunosenescence and severe COVID-19 in older people.
- Authors
Poisson, Johanne; El-Sissy, Carine; Serret-Larmande, Arnaud; Smith, Nikaïa; Lebraud, Morgane; Augy, Jean-Loup; Conti, Catherine; Gonnin, Cécile; Planquette, Benjamin; Arlet, Jean-Benoît; Hermann, Bertrand; Charbit, Bruno; Pastre, Jean; Devaux, Floriane; Ladavière, Cyrielle; Lim, Lydie; Ober, Pauline; Cannovas, Johanna; Biard, Lucie; Gulczynski, Marie-Christelle
- Abstract
Background: Ageing leads to altered immune responses, resulting in higher susceptibility to certain infections in the elderly. Immune ageing is a heterogeneous process also associated with inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Altered cytotoxic T cell responses and cytokine storm have previously been described in severe COVID-19 cases, however the parameters responsible for such immune response failures are not well known. The aim of our study was to characterize CD8+ T cells and cytokines associated with ageing, in a cohort of patients aged over 70 years stratified by COVID-19 severity. Results: One hundred and four patients were included in the study. We found that, in older people, COVID-19 severity was associated with (i) higher level of GM-CSF, CXCL10 (IP-10), VEGF, IL-1β, CCL2 (MCP-1) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), (ii) increased terminally differentiated CD8+T cells, and (ii) decreased early precursors CD8+ T stem cell-like memory cells (TSCM) and CD27+CD28+. The cytokines mentioned above were found at higher concentrations in the COVID-19+ older cohort compared to a younger cohort in which they were not associated with disease severity. Conclusions: Our results highlight the particular importance of the myeloid lineage in COVID-19 severity among older people. As GM-CSF and CXCL10 were not associated with COVID-19 severity in younger patients, they may represent disease severity specific markers of ageing and should be considered in older people care.
- Subjects
OLDER people; IMMUNOLOGIC memory; CHEMOKINES; IMMUNOSENESCENCE; ELDER care
- Publication
Immunity & Ageing, 2024, Vol 21, p1
- ISSN
1742-4933
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12979-024-00430-7