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- Title
Critical Presentation of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection: A Case Report.
- Authors
Massanella, Marta; Martin-Urda, Anabel; Mateu, Lourdes; Marín, Toni; Aldas, Irene; Riveira-Muñoz, Eva; Kipelainen, Athina; Jiménez-Moyano, Esther; Concepción, Maria Luisa Rodriguez de la; Avila-Nieto, Carlos; Trinité, Benjamin; Pradenas, Edwards; Rodon, Jordi; Marfil, Silvia; Parera, Mariona; Carrillo, Jorge; Blanco, Julià; Prado, Julia G; Ballana, Ester; Vergara-Alert, Júlia
- Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections have been reported; however, most cases are milder than the primary infection. We report the first case of a life-threatening critical presentation of a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Methods A 62-year-old man from Palamós (Spain) suffered a first mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) episode in March 2020, confirmed by 2 independent SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and a normal radiograph. He recovered completely and tested negative on 2 consecutive PCRs. In August 2020, the patient developed a second SARS-CoV-2 infection with life-threatening bilateral pneumonia and Acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria, requiring COVID-19–specific treatment (remdesivir + dexamethasone) plus high-flow oxygen therapy. Nasopharyngeal swabs from the second episode were obtained for virus quantification by real-time PCR, for virus outgrowth and sequencing. In addition, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the hospitalization period were used to determine SARS-CoV-2–specific humoral and T-cell responses. Results Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 showed that the virus had probably originated shortly before symptom onset. When the reinfection occurred, the subject showed a weak immune response, with marginal humoral and specific T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. All antibody isotypes tested as well as SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies increased sharply after day 8 postsymptoms. A slight increase of T-cell responses was observed at day 19 after symptom onset. Conclusions The reinfection was firmly documented and occurred in the absence of robust preexisting humoral and cellular immunity. SARS-CoV-2 immunity in some subjects is unprotective and/or short-lived; therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine schedules inducing long-term immunity will be required to bring the pandemic under control.
- Subjects
COVID-19; MONONUCLEAR leukocytes; REINFECTION; ADULT respiratory distress syndrome; SARS-CoV-2
- Publication
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2021, Vol 8, Issue 7, p1
- ISSN
2328-8957
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofab329