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- Title
The Vastus Medialis Insertion Is More Proximal and Medial in Patients With Patellar Instability: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Case-Control Study.
- Authors
Gomes Gobbi, Riccardo; Bremer Hinckel, Betina; Lima Teixeira, Paulo Renan; Nogueira Giglio, Pedro; Romano Lucarini, Bruno; Ricardo Pécora, José; Luis Camanho, Gilberto; Kawamura Demange, Marco
- Abstract
Background: The anatomy and function of the quadriceps muscle play a role in patellofemoral stability. Few studies have evaluated anatomic differences in the vastus medialis between patients with and without patellar instability. Purpose: To compare the anatomy of the vastus medialis using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with patellar instability to a control group. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A group of patients with patellar instability were sex-matched with a control group with anterior cruciate ligament tears, meniscal injuries, or sprains; patients younger than 15 years were excluded. The anatomy of the vastus medialis was examined by the distance between the distal origin of the vastus medialis in the femur and the medial femoral condyle, the distance from the proximal pole of the patella to the most distal insertion of the muscle and its ratio to the length of the articular surface of the patella, and a qualitative description of the insertion position of the muscle fibers (directly in the patella or the medial retinaculum). Results: Both groups comprised 78 knees (48 female; 61.5%). The mean age in the control and patellar instability groups was 30.2 ± 7.8 years and 25.6 ± 7.5 years, respectively (P = .001). The distance from the vastus origin to the condyle was 27.52 ± 3.49 mm and 26.59 ± 3.43 mm, respectively (P = .041); the distance from the proximal pole of the patella to the most distal muscle insertion was 17.59 ± 5.54 mm and 15.02 ± 4.18 mm, respectively (P < .001); and the ratio of this distance to the joint surface was 0.586 ± 0.180 and 0.481 ± 0.130, respectively (P < .001). In 75.6% of knees in the patellar instability group, the insertion of the vastus was into the medial retinaculum and not into the patella compared with 52.6% in the control group (P = .003; odds ratio, 2.8). Conclusion: The distal insertion of the vastus medialis differed in knees with patellar instability, with a more proximal insertion and less patellar coverage relative to controls, and was more frequently found in the retinaculum instead of directly in the patella.
- Subjects
ARTICULAR cartilage; COMPARATIVE studies; EPIPHYSIS; JOINT hypermobility; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; PATELLA; QUALITATIVE research; QUADRICEPS muscle; CROSS-sectional method; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio
- Publication
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2019, Vol 7, Issue 12, p1
- ISSN
2325-9671
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/2325967119880846