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- Title
Use of Oral Cholera Vaccines in an Outbreak in Vietnam: A Case Control Study.
- Authors
Anh, Dang Duc; Lopez, Anna Lena; Thiem, Vu Dinh; Grahek, Shannon L.; Duong, Tran Nhu; Jin Kyung Park; Hye Jung Kwon; Favorov, Michael; Nguyen Tran Hien; Clemens, John D.
- Abstract
Background: Killed oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are available but not used routinely for cholera control except in Vietnam, which produces its own vaccine. In 2007-2008, unprecedented cholera outbreaks occurred in the capital, Hanoi, prompting immunization in two districts. In an outbreak investigation, we assessed the effectiveness of killed OCV use after a cholera outbreak began. Methodology/Principal Findings: From 16 to 28 January 2008, vaccination campaigns with the Vietnamese killed OCV were held in two districts of Hanoi. No cholera cases were detected from 5 February to 4 March 2008, after which cases were again identified. Beginning 8 April 2008, residents of four districts of Hanoi admitted to one of five hospitals for acute diarrhea with onset after 5 March 2008 were recruited for a matched, hospital-based, case-control outbreak investigation. Cases were matched by hospital, admission date, district, gender, and age to controls admitted for non-diarrheal conditions. Subjects from the two vaccinated districts were evaluated to determine vaccine effectiveness. 54 case-control pairs from the vaccinated districts were included in the analysis. There were 8 (15%) and 16 (30%) vaccine recipients among cases and controls, respectively. The vaccine was 76% protective against cholera in this setting (95% CI 5% to 94%, P = 0.042) after adjusting for intake of dog meat or raw vegetables and not drinking boiled or bottled water most of the time. Conclusions/Significance: This is the first study to explore the effectiveness of the reactive use of killed OCVs during a cholera outbreak. Our findings suggest that killed OCVs may have a role in controlling cholera outbreaks.
- Subjects
HANOI (Vietnam); VIETNAM; DISEASE management; CHOLERA vaccines; ORAL vaccines; DIARRHEA; DISEASE outbreaks; VIETNAMESE people; PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission; WORLD Health Organization; MEDICAL care
- Publication
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2011, Vol 5, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1935-2727
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001006