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- Title
Photopolymerizable hydrogels for implants: Monte-Carlo modeling and experimental in vitro validation.
- Authors
Schmocker, Andreas; Khoushabi, Azadeh; Schizas, Constantin; Bourban, Pierre-Etienne; Pioletti, Dominique P.; Moser, Christophe
- Abstract
Photopolymerization is commonly used in a broad range of bioapplications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and surgical implants, where liquid materials are injected and then hardened by means of illumination to create a solid polymer network. However, photopolymerization using a probe, e.g., needle guiding both the liquid and the curing illumination, has not been thoroughly investigated. We present a Monte Carlo model that takes into account the dynamic absorption and scattering parameters as well as solid--liquid boundaries of the photopolymer to yield the shape and volume of minimally invasively injected, photopolymerized hydrogels. In the first part of the article, our model is validated using a set of well-known poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate hydrogels showing an excellent agreement between simulated and experimental volume-growthrates. In the second part, in situ experimental results and simulations for photopolymerization in tissue cavities are presented. It was found that a cavity with a volume of 152 mm³ can be photopolymerized from the output of a 0.28-mm² fiber by adding scattering lipid particles while only a volume of 38 mm³ (25%) was achieved without particles. The proposed model provides a simple and robust method to solve complex photopolymerization problems, where the dimension of the light source is much smaller than the volume of the photopolymerizable hydrogel.
- Subjects
PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; POLYMERIZATION; DRUG delivery devices; DRUG delivery systems
- Publication
Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2014, Vol 19, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
1083-3668
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1117/1.JBO.19.3.035004