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- Title
Life-cycle energy analysis of performance- versus age-based pipe replacement schedules.
- Authors
PROSSER, MONICA E. E.; SPEIGHT, VANESSA L.; FILION, YVES R.
- Abstract
Although many North American water utilities are upgrading their systems through both regular maintenance programs and additional pipe replacement, rarely does this process take whole-of-life considerations into account. This article details the development of a life-cycle energy analysis that accounts for energy associated with reducing leakage through pipe replacement and describes its implementation at a large water distribution system. Energy used in pumping was compared with the embodied energy tied to pipe replacement in a baseline scenario and three replacement plans. Results indicated that the annual operational energy savings of 4.9 x 106 to 6.4 x 106 kW⋅h achieved by 2020 comes at a cost. The embodied energy invested in replacing pipe stock for ductile-iron pipes with diameters of 6 to 16 in. would be 0.88 x 106 to 2.05 x 106 kW⋅h/mi, a significant expense that results in an initial energy payback period of 17.6 years for the most aggressive replacement plan.
- Subjects
WATER utilities; WATER-pipe maintenance &; repair; LIFE cycle costing; WATER distribution; WATER pumps; ENERGY consumption
- Publication
Journal: American Water Works Association, 2013, Vol 105, Issue 12, pE721
- ISSN
0003-150X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0157